Only the wild Paulownia "Tomentosa" propagated from seeds is invasive. We do not cultivate wild Paulownia, only clones (i.e., "oxygen trees"), and only such plants are introduced into the market.

Invasiveness is the propagation of a plant through seeds or offshoots. Seed propagation is excluded by two factors – first, Paulownia produces fully functional seeds only in its 9-10th year of life, which is earlier than its predicted harvesting period. Secondly, the seeds of cloned Paulownia (oxygen trees) are infertile in the natural environment – in our climatic conditions, a negligible % of seeds germinate only in laboratory conditions, which excludes this type of potential invasiveness.

Propagation through offshoots beyond the cultivated area can occur only as an exception and only in the case of extremely irresponsible plantation management, which is why our knowledge and technology effectively prevent this. 

All the oxygen tree varieties we use come from our renowned Polish and foreign partners, and we have EU certificates for their non-invasiveness. 

In the vast majority of 99% of cases, we use 2 varieties – "Oxytree" and "kiriHiro". Oxytree (Elongata x Fortunei) is the best-known and potentially the fastest-growing variety in Poland, but it requires the most knowledge and diligence in cultivation. "KiriHiro" (Fortunei x Elongata x Tomentosa), on the other hand, exhibits increased frost resistance, making it safer for less experienced growers.

Occasionally, during cooperation with our European partners, we use clones from producers such as WeGrow (PhoneixOne, NordMax21, H3F2) or Cotevisa (Cotevisa2) for tests/supplements.

Our affiliated scientific units (Agricultural Universities in Kraków and Poznań) additionally study almost all other commonly known varieties (Shan Tong, Z07, etc.).

We estimate the growth period of a Paulownia tree in our climate to be a maximum of 8-9 years. This is a safe assumption, still providing an attractive rate of return from the harvested raw material at a level of 15% annual IRR, and we are confident in achieving this result based on the cuttings we have conducted in Poland.

This is doubly untrue. As shown by the example of Australia, Paulownia has proven to be the plant that restored many fallow lands to life over time. 

We have historical evidence that since the 11th century AD, Paulownia has been planted in the area of present-day China alongside traditional agricultural crops to improve production by increasing water availability (introducing activated carbon into the soil) and reducing the consequences of excessive sunlight. This practice continues to this day.

In Poland, we have a study from the Agricultural University in Olsztyn which proved that Paulownia (in this case the "Oxytree" variety) planted on soil contaminated by copper compounds (up to 10 times above the permissible norm) not only adapted well but also significantly reduced their concentration – making it a helpful and interesting alternative in the soil remediation process. 

Like any other green plant in the world, Paulownia absorbs water and mineral substances from the soil. The only reason for human "fertilization" in agriculture is the intended harvesting of the grown yield. If a Paulownia plantation (or any other green plant) were abandoned without harvesting the wood – the cycle would simply be closed. Since Paulownia grows 10 times faster than other commonly used forestry tree species – it absorbs the necessary nutrients from the soil proportionally faster. 

Therefore, (in the case of cultivation for harvesting) an appropriate fertilization policy is necessary to develop. 

There is no nutrient that cannot be supplemented by us also without the help of chemical (mineral) fertilizers.

The oxygen tree, which is the precise name of the cultivated plants, is a hybrid of different Paulownia species (most commonly 2), not a genetically modified organism (GMO). Similarly, some "Husky" dogs with different colored eyes were not created in a laboratory as GMOs but were born as a result of selection. 😊